Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name:  Yunus Emre Karagulle
Author-Name-First: Yunus
Author-Name-Last: Karagulle
Author-Email: karagulle@vt.edu
Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Agricultural Trade, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech
Author-Name:  Charlotte Emlinger
Author-Name-First: Charlotte
Author-Name-Last: Emlinger
Author-Email:  
Author-Workplace-Name: CEPII, Paris, France
Author-Name:  Jason H. Grant
Author-Name-First: Jason
Author-Name-Last: Grant
Author-Email:  jhgrant@vt.edu
Author-Workplace-Name: Center for Agricultural Trade, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, Virginia Tech
Title:  Non-Tariff Measures and U.S. Agricultural Exports
Abstract:   How much do non-tariff measures (NTMs) affect U.S. agricultural exports? While countries
 maintain a large and diverse set of NTMs to safeguard the health of plants, animals, and humans,
 policymakers and regulatory bodies may neglect the impact these measures have on international trade.
 This paper evaluates the impact of two broad types of NTMs important to U.S. food and agricultural
 exports: sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures and technical barriers to trade (TBTs). We construct
 a new database detailing the more prominent SPS and TBT measures impacting U.S. exports as highlighted
 in the Office of the United States Trade Representative's (USTR) National Trade Estimate (NTE) report
 from 2007 to 2021. Using a theoretically consistent gravity equation, we find that SPS and TBT measures
 reduce U.S. agricultural exports by 34.5%, on average, equivalent to a 16.4% ad valorem tariff. However,
 we find little evidence that these NTMs significantly affect the probability of U.S. exports or export
 survival in destination markets (i.e., the probability of export failure) suggesting that these measures
 primarily impact variable trade costs and the intensive margin of trade.
Length:  39 pages
Creation-Date:  2025-07
Revision-Date: 
Publication-Status: Published in Wiley Journal, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy
File-URL: https://repecarchive.aaec.vt.edu/aaecpp/aaecpp2025-01.pdf
File-Format: Application/pdf
File-Function: Full article
Number: 
Classification-JEL: 
Keywords: gravity model; non-tariff measures; sanitary and phytosanitary; technical barriers to trade; U.S. agricultural exports
Handle: RePEc:vpi:aaecpp:aaecpp2025-01